SherbyNet - /page/wikibook/entry.mu

Micron Document

<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Pre-installed software</title>

</head>

Pre-installed software

</h1>

</header>

Pre-installed software (also known as bundled software)<a href="#cite_note-arstechnica-1">[1]</a> is <a href="Software" title="Software">software</a> already <a href="Installation_(computer_programs)" title="Installation (computer programs)">installed</a> and <a href="Software_license" title="Software license">licensed</a> on a <a href="Computer" title="Computer">computer</a> or <a href="Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphone</a> bought from an <a href="Original_equipment_manufacturer" title="Original equipment manufacturer">original equipment manufacturer</a> (OEM).<a href="#cite_note-ms-2">[2]</a> The operating system is usually factory-installed, but because it is a general requirement, this term is used for additional software apart from the bare necessary amount, usually from other sources (or the operating system vendor).

<a href="Potentially_unwanted_program" title="Potentially unwanted program">Unwanted factory-installed software</a> (also known as crapware<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> or <a href="Bloatware" class="mw-redirect" title="Bloatware">bloatware</a><a href="#cite_note-wired-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-wired-androidbloatware-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-time-sorrierstate-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-laptop-s5remove-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-bgr-g3verizon-10">[10]</a>) can include major security vulnerabilities, like <a href="Superfish" title="Superfish">Superfish</a>, which installs a <a href="Root_certificate" title="Root certificate">root certificate</a> to inject advertising into encrypted Google search pages, but leaves computers vulnerable to serious <a href="Cyber-attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyber-attack">cyberattacks</a> that breach the security used in banking and finance websites.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-12">[12]</a>

Some <a href="Mirror_site" title="Mirror site">mirror sites</a> for <a href="Freeware" title="Freeware">freeware</a> use <a href="Unwanted_software_bundling" class="mw-redirect" title="Unwanted software bundling">unwanted software bundling</a> that similarly installs unwanted software.

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unwanted_software">Unwanted software</h2></div>

Often new PCs come with factory-installed software which the manufacturer was paid to include, but is of dubious value to the purchaser. Most of these programs are included without the user's knowledge, and have no instructions on how to opt-out or remove them.<a href="#cite_note-PUP_Criteria-13">[13]</a>

A Microsoft executive mentioned that within the company these applications were dubbed craplets (a <a href="Portmanteau" class="mw-redirect" title="Portmanteau">portmanteau</a> of <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/crap" class="extiw external" title="wikt:crap">crap</a> and <a href="Applet" title="Applet">applet</a>).<a href="#cite_note-cbc-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-wsj-15">[15]</a> He suggested that the experience of people buying a new <a href="Windows" class="mw-redirect" title="Windows">Windows</a> computer can be damaged by poorly designed, uncertified third-party applications installed by vendors. He stated that <a href="United_States_v._Microsoft" class="mw-redirect" title="United States v. Microsoft">the antitrust case against Microsoft</a> prevented the company from stopping the pre-installation of these programs by OEMs. <a href="Walt_Mossberg" title="Walt Mossberg">Walt Mossberg</a>, technology columnist for <a href="The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>, condemned "craplets" in two columns published in April 2007, and suggested several possible strategies for removing them.<a href="#cite_note-wsj-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-wsj2-16">[16]</a>

The bundling of these unwanted applications is often <a href="Pay_to_play" class="mw-redirect" title="Pay to play">performed in exchange for financial compensation</a>, paid to the OEM by the application's publisher. At the <a href="Consumer_Electronics_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Consumer Electronics Show">2007 Consumer Electronics Show</a>, <a href="Dell" title="Dell">Dell</a> defended this practice, stating that it keeps costs down, and implying that systems might cost significantly more to the end user if these programs were not factory-installed.<a href="#cite_note-arstechnica-1">[1]</a> Some system vendors and retailers will offer, for an additional charge, to remove unwanted factory-installed software from a newly purchased computer; retailers, in particular, will tout this service as a "performance improvement." In 2008, <a href="Sony_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Corporation">Sony Corporation</a> announced a plan to charge end users US$50 for the service; Sony subsequently decided to drop the charge for this service and offer it for free after many users expressed outrage.<a href="#cite_note-wired-6">[6]</a> <a href="Microsoft_Store_(retail)" title="Microsoft Store (retail)">Microsoft Store</a> similarly offers a range of "Signature Edition" computers sold in a similar state, as well as extended warranty and support packages through Microsoft.<a href="#cite_note-pcw-signatureedition-17">[17]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="On_smartphones">On smartphones</h3></div>

<a href="Mobile_phones" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile phones">Mobile phones</a> typically come with factory-installed software provided by its manufacturer or <a href="Mobile_network_operator" title="Mobile network operator">mobile network operator</a>; similarly to their PC equivalents, they are sometimes tied to account management or other premium services offered by the provider. The practice was extended to <a href="Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a> via <a href="Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>, as carriers often bundle <a href="Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">apps</a> provided by themselves and third-party developers with the device and, furthermore, install them into the System partition, making it so that they cannot be completely removed from the device without performing unsupported modifications to its firmware (such as <a href="Rooting_(Android_OS)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rooting (Android OS)">rooting</a>) first.<a href="#cite_note-pcmag-gvista-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-wired-androidbloatware-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-itw-androidcrapware-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-time-sorrierstate-8">[8]</a>

Some of these apps may run in the background, consuming battery life, and may also duplicate functionality already provided by the phone itself; for example, <a href="Verizon_Wireless" class="mw-redirect" title="Verizon Wireless">Verizon Wireless</a> has bundled phones with a redundant text messaging app known as "Messages+" (which is set as the default <a href="Short_Message_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Short Message Service">text messaging</a> program in lieu of the stock messaging app included within the OS), and VZ Navigator (a subscription service redundant to the free <a href="Google_Maps" title="Google Maps">Google Maps</a> service).<a href="#cite_note-time-sorrierstate-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-laptop-s5remove-9">[9]</a> In addition, apps bundled by OEMs may also include special system-level <a href="Application_permissions" title="Application permissions">permissions</a> that bypass those normally enforced by the operating system.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a>

<a href="Android_4.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Android 4.0">Android 4.0</a> attempted to address these issues by allowing users to "disable" apps—which hides them from application menus and prevents them from running. However, this does not remove the software from the device entirely, and they still consume storage unless they are removed via unsupported modifications.<a href="#cite_note-itw-androidcrapware-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-laptop-s5remove-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-bgr-g3verizon-10">[10]</a> <a href="Android_5.0" class="mw-redirect" title="Android 5.0">Android 5.0</a> began to allow carrier apps to be automatically downloaded from <a href="Google_Play_Store" class="mw-redirect" title="Google Play Store">Google Play Store</a> during initial device setup instead; they are installed the same way as user-downloaded apps, and can be uninstalled normally.<a href="#cite_note-ars-autopreload-21">[21]</a>

Although <a href="Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a> does not allow operators to customize the <a href="IPhone" title="IPhone">iPhone</a> in this manner,<a href="#cite_note-itw-androidcrapware-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-time-sorrierstate-8">[8]</a> the company has faced criticism for including an increasing number of factory-installed apps in iOS that cannot be removed.<a href="#cite_note-wired-iosbloat-22">[22]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legal_considerations">Legal considerations</h2></div>

<ul><li>In April 2014, South Korea implemented new regulatory guidelines for the mobile phone industry, requiring non-essential apps bundled on a smartphone to be user-removable.<a href="#cite_note-zdnet-sk-23">[23]</a></li>

<li>In December 2019, Russia passed a law effective 1 July 2020, which requires that specific types of consumer electronics devices be factory-installed with applications developed by Russian vendors. The goal of this law is to discourage the use of foreign competitors.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Tying_(commerce)" title="Tying (commerce)">Tying (commerce)</a> – Commerce practice

<ul><li><a href="Product_bundling" title="Product bundling">Product bundling</a> – Offering several products as one

<ul><li><a href="Bundled_software" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundled software">Bundled software</a> – Offering several products as onePages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets</li>

<li><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bundleware" class="extiw external" title="wikt:bundleware">wikt:bundleware</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Shovelware" title="Shovelware">Shovelware</a> – Poor-quality software collection</li>

<li><a href="Application_software" title="Application software">Application software</a> – Any computer program for end-user use</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("./mw/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("./mw/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("./mw/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("./mw/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><cite id="CITEREFFisher2007" class="citation web cs1">Fisher, Ken (2007-01-11). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/news.ars/post/20070111-8598.html">"$60 to keep crapware off of a Windows PC?"</a>. Ars Technica. Retrieved 2008-01-06.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-ms-2"><a href="#cite_ref-ms_2-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.microsoft.com/uk/business/howtobuy/preinstalled.mspx">"Pre-installed on a new computer"</a>, a <a href="Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> article

</li>

<li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFMelanie_Pinola2012" class="citation web cs1">Melanie Pinola (November 21, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itworld.com/consumerization-it/319281/heres-all-crapware-comes-new-windows-8-pcs">"Here's all the crapware that comes with new Windows 8 PCs"</a>. IT World. Retrieved 2013-01-24.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFJustin_James2012" class="citation web cs1">Justin James (December 5, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.techrepublic.com/blog/five-apps/five-apps-for-crapware-cleanup/1256">"Five apps for crapware cleanup"</a>. TechRepublic. Retrieved 2013-01-24.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFJared_Newman2013" class="citation web cs1">Jared Newman (Jan 15, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcworld.com/article/2025362/lucrative-windows-crapware-market-is-exactly-why-we-need-app-stores.html">"Lucrative Windows crapware market is exactly why we need app stores"</a>. PCWorld. Retrieved 2013-01-24.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-wired-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wired_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wired_6-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFRob_Beschizza2008" class="citation magazine cs1">Rob Beschizza (2008-03-21). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/gadgetlab/2008/03/sony-pay-an-ext/">"Breaking: Sony won't charge $50 to remove bloatware"</a>. Wired. Retrieved 2009-10-29.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-wired-androidbloatware-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wired-androidbloatware_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wired-androidbloatware_7-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFGanapati" class="citation magazine cs1">Ganapati, Priya. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2010/07/bloatware-android-phones/">"Bloatware Creeps Into Android Phones"</a>. Wired. Retrieved 22 October 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-time-sorrierstate-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-time-sorrierstate_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-time-sorrierstate_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-time-sorrierstate_8-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-time-sorrierstate_8-3">d</a> <cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/94646/android-bloatware/">"Friday Rant: The Ever-Sorrier State of Android Bloatware"</a>. Time. 9 May 2014. Retrieved 22 October 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-laptop-s5remove-9">^ <a href="#cite_ref-laptop-s5remove_9-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-laptop-s5remove_9-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-laptop-s5remove_9-2">c</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.laptopmag.com/galaxy-s5-bloatware-list">"Samsung Galaxy S5 Bloatware Removal Guide"</a>. Laptop Magazine. Retrieved 22 October 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-bgr-g3verizon-10">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bgr-g3verizon_10-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bgr-g3verizon_10-1">b</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bgr.com/2014/07/25/verizon-lg-g3-bloatware-uninstall/">"Here's how Verizon's Android bloatware might become the best ever"</a>. BGR. 25 July 2014. Retrieved 22 October 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-lenovo-cybersecurity-dhs-idUSKBN0LO21U20150220">"U.S. government urges Lenovo customers to remove Superfish software"</a>. Reuters. February 20, 2015. Retrieved February 20, 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:0-12"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_12-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.us-cert.gov/ncas/alerts/TA15-051A">"Alert: Lenovo "Superfish" Adware Vulnerable to HTTPS Spoofing"</a>. United States Computer Emergency Readiness Team. February 20, 2015. Retrieved February 20, 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-PUP_Criteria-13"><a href="#cite_ref-PUP_Criteria_13-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.malwarebytes.org/pup/">"PUP Criteria"</a>. Malwarebytes. Retrieved 13 February 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-cbc-14"><a href="#cite_ref-cbc_14-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFKhan2007" class="citation news cs1">Khan, Saleem (2007-01-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/craplets-could-damage-vista-launch-microsoft-exec-1.692434">"'Craplets' could damage Vista launch: Microsoft exec"</a>. <a href="CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. Retrieved 2008-01-06.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-wsj-15">^ <a href="#cite_ref-wsj_15-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-wsj_15-1">b</a> <cite id="CITEREFMossberg2007" class="citation web cs1">Mossberg, Walter S. (2007-04-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ptech.allthingsd.com/20070405/pcs-mired-in-chores/">"Using Even New PCs Is Ruined by a Tangle of Trial Programs, Ads"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2008-01-06.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-wsj2-16"><a href="#cite_ref-wsj2_16-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFMossberg2007" class="citation web cs1">Mossberg, Walter S. (2007-04-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ptech.allthingsd.com/20070412/new-pc-junk-programs/">"Ways You Can Avoid Getting Junk Programs on Your New Computer"</a>. The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 2008-01-06.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-pcw-signatureedition-17"><a href="#cite_ref-pcw-signatureedition_17-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pcworld.com/article/2887213/microsofts-signature-edition-laptops-deliver-the-clean-pc-experience-you-really-want.html">"Microsoft's Signature Edition laptops deliver the 'clean PC' experience you really want"</a>. PC World. Retrieved 16 January 2016.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-pcmag-gvista-18"><a href="#cite_ref-pcmag-gvista_18-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2465558,00.asp">"LG G Vista (Verizon Wireless)"</a>. PC Magazine. Retrieved 22 October 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-itw-androidcrapware-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-itw-androidcrapware_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-itw-androidcrapware_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-itw-androidcrapware_19-2">c</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.itworld.com/article/2833289/security/want-to-protect-your-android-phone--here-s-how-to-kill-its-crapware-.html">"Want to protect your Android phone? Here's how to kill its crapware"</a>. IT World. 6 November 2013. Retrieved 22 October 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFCimpanu" class="citation web cs1">Cimpanu, Catalin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/50-orgs-ask-google-to-take-a-stance-against-android-bloatware/">"50+ orgs ask Google to take a stance against Android bloatware"</a>. ZDNet. Retrieved 2020-01-10.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-ars-autopreload-21"><a href="#cite_ref-ars-autopreload_21-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/10/transcript-ars-talks-to-android-execs-about-lollipop-and-the-nexuses/">"Transcript: Ars talks to Android execs about Lollipop and the Nexuses"</a>. Ars Technica. 28 October 2014. Retrieved 20 May 2016.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-wired-iosbloat-22"><a href="#cite_ref-wired-iosbloat_22-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFBarrett" class="citation magazine cs1">Barrett, Brian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2015/07/apple-apps-delete/">"Apple Music's Worst Feature? You Can't Delete It"</a>. Wired. Retrieved 27 July 2015.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-zdnet-sk-23"><a href="#cite_ref-zdnet-sk_23-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/south-korea-rules-pre-installed-phone-bloatware-must-be-deletable/">"South Korea rules pre-installed phone bloatware must be deletable"</a>. ZDNet. Retrieved 22 October 2014.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFCimpanu" class="citation web cs1">Cimpanu, Catalin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.zdnet.com/article/phones-and-pcs-sold-in-russia-will-have-to-come-pre-installed-with-russian-apps/">"Phones and PCs sold in Russia will have to come pre-installed with Russian apps"</a>. ZDNet. Retrieved 2019-12-04.</cite>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFPorter2019" class="citation web cs1">Porter, Jon (2019-12-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2019/12/3/20977459/russian-law-pre-installed-domestic-software-tvs-smartphones-laptops">"Russia passes law forcing manufacturers to install Russian-made software"</a>. The Verge. Retrieved 2019-12-04.</cite>

</li>

</ol></div>

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Software_distribution163" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">

/* start https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}

/* end https://en.wikipedia.org/ */

</style><div id="Software_distribution163" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Software_distribution" title="Software distribution">Software distribution</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Software_license" title="Software license">Licenses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Beerware" title="Beerware">Beerware</a></li>

<li><a href="Floating_licensing" title="Floating licensing">Floating licensing</a></li>

<li><a href="Free_and_open-source_software" title="Free and open-source software">Free and open-source</a>

<li><a href="Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">Open source</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Freely_redistributable_software" title="Freely redistributable software">Freely redistributable</a></li>

<li><a href="License-free_software" title="License-free software">License-free</a></li>

<li><a href="Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></li>

<li><a href="Public-domain_software" title="Public-domain software">Public domain</a></li>

<li><a href="Source-available_software" title="Source-available software">Source-available</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compensation models</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Adware" title="Adware">Adware</a></li>

<li><a href="Commercial_software" title="Commercial software">Commercial software</a>

<ul><li><a href="Retail_software" title="Retail software">Retail software</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Crippleware" title="Crippleware">Crippleware</a></li>

<li><a href="Crowdfunding" title="Crowdfunding">Crowdfunding</a></li>

<li><a href="Freemium" title="Freemium">Freemium</a></li>

<li><a href="Freeware" title="Freeware">Freeware</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Careware" title="Careware">Careware</a></li>

<li><a href="Donationware" title="Donationware">Donationware</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Open-core_model" title="Open-core model">Open-core model</a></li>

<li><a href="Postcardware" class="mw-redirect" title="Postcardware">Postcardware</a></li>

<li><a href="Shareware" title="Shareware">Shareware</a>

<ul><li><a href="Nagware" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagware">Nagware</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Trialware" class="mw-redirect" title="Trialware">Trialware</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Delivery methods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Digital_distribution" title="Digital distribution">Digital distribution</a></li>

<li><a href="File_sharing" title="File sharing">File sharing</a></li>

<li><a href="On-premises_software" title="On-premises software">On-premises</a></li>

<li><a href="Product_bundling" title="Product bundling">Product bundling</a></li>

<li><a href="Retail_software" title="Retail software">Retail software</a></li>

<li><a href="Sneakernet" title="Sneakernet">Sneakernet</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_as_a_service" title="Software as a service">Software as a service</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Deceptive and/or illicit</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Unwanted_software_bundling" class="mw-redirect" title="Unwanted software bundling">Unwanted software bundling</a></li>

<li><a href="Malware" title="Malware">Malware</a>

<ul><li><a href="Infostealer" title="Infostealer">Infostealer</a></li>

<li><a href="Ransomware" title="Ransomware">Ransomware</a></li>

<li><a href="Spyware" title="Spyware">Spyware</a></li>

<li><a href="Trojan_horse_(computing)" title="Trojan horse (computing)">Trojan horse</a></li>

<li><a href="Scareware" title="Scareware">Scareware</a></li>

<li><a href="Shovelware" title="Shovelware">Shovelware</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Software release life cycle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Abandonware" title="Abandonware">Abandonware</a></li>

<li><a href="Long-term_support" title="Long-term support">Long-term support</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_maintenance" title="Software maintenance">Software maintenance</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_maintainer" title="Software maintainer">Software maintainer</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_publisher" title="Software publisher">Software publisher</a></li>

<li><a href="Vaporware" title="Vaporware">Vaporware</a>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Copy_protection" title="Copy protection">Copy protection</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Digital_rights_management" title="Digital rights management">Digital rights management</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_protection_dongle" title="Software protection dongle">Software protection dongle</a></li>

<li><a href="License_manager" class="mw-redirect" title="License manager">License manager</a></li>

<li><a href="Product_activation" title="Product activation">Product activation</a></li>

<li><a href="Product_key" title="Product key">Product key</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_copyright" title="Software copyright">Software copyright</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_license_server" title="Software license server">Software license server</a></li>

<li><a href="Software_patent" title="Software patent">Software patent</a></li>

<li><a href="Torrent_poisoning" title="Torrent poisoning">Torrent poisoning</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2024-11-17" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Pre-installed_software&oldid=1257941367">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

</div>

</div></div>

</div>

</main>

</div>

</body></html>